With Tariffs the US Was and Again Will Be the Unrivaled Industrial Power in the World

Cogito, I am not an economist. I have read works by the Austrian School economists, and never missed an address by Hayek when I lived in England, but I only understood economic arguments philosophically. So I do not know if David Stockman, at Lew Rockwell’s website, is right or wrong. However, I think the argument that a country should, if it can, be independent of other countries’ manufactures for such things as the basic needs of life and the means of defense is sound. A nation should support itself as far as it possibly can. Americans need to be encouraged to buy American products. Lower prices are a strong incentive, and tariffs on imports help to assure that.

What do you think of the article I quote part of here?

About the author:
Spencer P. Morrison is a lawyer, sessional instructor of law, and independent intellectual with a focus on applied philosophy, empirical history, and practical economics. Author of Reshore: How Tariffs Will Bring Our Jobs Home and Revive the American Dream and Editor-in-Chief of the National Economics Editorial. His work has been featured on major publications including the BBC, Real Clear Politics, Blaze Media, the Daily Caller, the American Thinker, and the Foundation for Economic Education.

From his linked article:

President George Washington learned the hard-fought lesson that political freedom flows from economic freedom, writing:

A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies . . .

To this end, President Washington’s first major piece of legislation was the Tariff Act of 1789, which raised taxes on imported manufactured goods, thereby encouraging American industry. Perhaps these tariffs made America’s economy less economically “efficient,” but they no doubt made the nation far more politically and militarily efficient. The anti-tariff crowd forgets that America is not a work camp but a nation with values that transcend money.

Thomas Jefferson was initially critical of Washington’s plan, but the War of 1812 brought him on board. America and the British Empire again found themselves at war, but this time, America could supply many of its own firearms and textiles—despite Britain’s blockade.

It was under the American System of tariffs—which were supported by the bulk of our Founding Fathers and every president carved on Mount Rushmore—that the United States transformed from an agricultural colonial backwater into an industrial powerhouse.

By 1870 America was the second largest industrial power in the world, behind only Great Britain. By the 1880s, America produced a quarter of the world’s industrial output, and our share continued to grow. We remained the most productive nation in the world for the next 150 years, until China stole the title in 2010. Now, America’s share of global industrial output has fallen to about 17%—half what it was during our industrial golden age.

In the 1970s, America abandoned the wisdom of protectionism and instead embraced economic globalism—international “free” trade and easy fiat money. This has resulted in the offshoring of factories, the neutering of America’s industry, and the impoverishment of the American people. Tied to this is the fact that America has become economically dependent on foreign countries like China to supply basic necessities.

President Trump’s tariffs are America’s last chance to reverse the damage and revive the American Dream. If not, be prepared to welcome the rise of China and the fall of the West.

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My comment:
I don’t think America is a land characterized by a generally impoverished population, but otherwise - does his argument make sense to you?

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Jillian, thank you so much for your interest in this debate. I am no economist either, but allow me to offer some general comments.
It seems eminently sensible to declare that nations should be independent of other countries for basic needs, but look at Japan, one of the world’s most prosperous nations with an enviably strong economy. Yet, Japan needs to import much of its food supplies. It is almost entirely dependent on imported energy and raw materials for its manufacturing. These are all necessities, but Japan survives and thrives.
I do not believe Americans should in any way be compelled to buy American products. Each American should be free to buy products from whatever source he feels offer him the most satisfaction. Lower prices are a strong incentive, indeed, but tariffs will only raise prices—not lower them. History shows that domestic producers, protected by tariff walls from foreign competition, invariably raise prices.
Yes, some founding fathers (Washington, Hamilton) were protectionists. Jefferson and Madison were free traders. True, Jefferson modified his views with the war of 1812. (As an aside, it is curious that Americans see the 1812 war as a defensive war against British aggression. We, in Canada, were taught that Canadians courageously defended British Canada from menacing Americans? Significantly, it was the last war between us, and we have been at peace for over two centuries).
Yes, tariffs unarguably help foster American manufacturing, but there was a price to be paid. The high tariffs, as they always do, raised consumer prices, were particularly harmful to American farmers who had faced restrictions on their sales abroad due to retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries.
Tariffs are always a double-edged sword. They help a small select group at the expense of the general population. This is what Sowell calls the fallacy of composition in which what is true for a small part of the populace is true for the populace as a whole.
I must say that nothing distresses me more than seeing conservatives (with the best of intentions) take up the banner for tariffs.
I cherish President Trump, but I think he is as wrong about tariffs now, as he was on COVID-19 policies and vaccines in 2020.
Thank you, Jillian, allowing to say my piece.

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Thank you, Cogito, for your careful explanation. I see good sense in the anti-tariff arguments.

But I have this question to put to you. Doesn’t competition between domestic producers keep prices down?

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I can see some sense on both sides of the tariff dispute, but what convinces me to favor tariffs is the national security aspect of it.
The CCP (and others) are a real threat to national security, and if we continue to allow them to control most of our manufacturing, just because it’s cheaper, we are giving them control over us.
Even if it raises prices here, it’s still worth it in order to make us self-sufficient.
I guess that makes me a “protectionist”.

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Intuitively, one would think that increased competition would occur amongst domestic manufacturers. This can happen, but history clearly shows that, when shielded by protective tariffs, domestic producers become complacent and inefficient which fosters less competition, higher prices, and more cartel like behaviour. Witness the cars of inferior quality and high prices of the arrogant American Big 3 automakers until faced with the bracing competition of Japanese imports. The resulting competition galvanized the domestic automakers into improving quality and lower prices.
So, I believe domestic manufacturers protected from competition by high tariffs inevitably leads to higher prices.

A few othr obiter dicta. The author of the piece you presenyted, Jillian, is highly credentialled, but if COVID taught me anything, it is that impressive credentials very often don’t amount to a hill of beans. we saw professors of the highest rank in the most prestigious universities display pitiable ignorance and bias.

I have been trying to find an analogy to help Americans understand Canadian resentment of Trump’s tariff tactics. Two countries have been the best of friends for over two centuries, and then, out of the blue, one friend turns to the other and claims he has been cheating, lying, and ripping him off for many years when they have both been trading with one another under the rules established by the first friend himself. Does this make sense to you?

Again, thanks Jillian and Liz for expressing your thoughts and concerns with me. Only in America, eh?

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Free trade is a very attractive libertarian ideal. I share your liking for it, Cogito.

It is not, however, morally clear cut.

For instance, there is this related issue:

If a foreign country keeps the cost of its exports low by using slave labor, are not those who buy such goods supporting slave labor?

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True, but is that not a straw man argument?

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It would be if none of the countries we import goods from used slaves. China does, and we import hugely from China.

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Point taken. We will see how matters unfold with time. My predictions about the outcome of the last election were completely wrong. Perhaps, I will be wrong about these tariffs as well. Nothing would make me happier. I agree with Trump’s policies on every other matter without exception. If I had the money, I would purchase Trump’s Gold Card entry into the US.

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You would be very welcome!

Instead, perhaps you could vote for Canada becoming the 51st. state - if the opportunity to do so should arise?

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Canada will never become the 51st state. Americans should resist that because it would guarantee that the House would never have a Republican majority, nor would there ever be another Republican President. Canadians will reject it too. Canadian haughty condescending attitude to the US has changed to hatred for Trump. Alas, the way of the world. But one can hope, of course.

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